Medical sciences encompass the study of health, illness, and the biological and physical aspects of medicine. Key branches include:

1. **Anatomy**: Study of body structure.
2. **Physiology**: Study of body functions.
3. **Biochemistry**: Study of chemical processes in living organisms.
4. **Pharmacology**: Study of drugs and their effects.
5. **Microbiology**: Study of microorganisms.
6. **Pathology**: Study of disease causes and effects.
7. **Immunology**: Study of the immune system.
8. **Genetics**: Study of heredity and genes.
9. **Epidemiology**: Study of disease distribution and determinants in populations.
10. **Public Health**: Focus on health promotion and disease prevention in communities.

These branches integrate with various tools and technologies, including medical imaging, biotechnology, and informatics, to advance healthcare and research.